Paper-pulp engine



3 Sheets-Sheet 1.

(No Model.)

J. R. ABBH' PAPER PULP ENGINE.

- No. 247,286. Patented Sept. 20,1881,

(No Model.) 3 Sheet B- -Sheet '2.

J. R. ABBE.

PAPER PULP ENGINE.

No. 247,286. PatentedPSept 20,1881.

(No Model.) Q 3 sheets-sum a.

' J. R. ABBE.

PAPER PULP ENGINE.

No. 247,286. Patented Sept. 20,1881.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

JOHN R. ABBE, OF SOUTH VVINDHAM, CONNECTICUT.

PAPER-PULP ENGINE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 247,286, dated September 20, 1881.

Application filed August 8,188]. (No model.)

- To all whom it may concern Be it known that I, JOHN R. ABBE, of South Windham, in the county of Windham and State of Connecticut, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Paper-Pulp Engines, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to improvements in paper-pulp engines in which the knives are perforated, and, with woods between, are connocted by rings passing through the perforations in the knives; also, in which the ends of the knives are secured to the cone by a plate at the small end and by a ring and hook at the large end; also, in which the woods are formed each in one solid piece, sawed in a peculiar manner to facilitate the removal of portions of said woods; also, in which a ring of wood is interposed between each circle of knives in the shell, and in which various details of construction and new devices and combinations are employed for holding the knives on the cone and in the shell, for making the corners of the knives flexible and for various other purposes.

The main objects of my improvements are to render the machine more convenient for -use, more simple in construction, more easily put together, taken apart, and repaired; to allow the stock to pass more readily around or by the ends of the knives, and to save the expense of veneered woods. 1 attain these objects by the mechanism illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which- Figure 1 is a side elevation, partly in section, of the cone, together with a side view of one of the cone-knives. Fig. 2 is a side elevation of one of the rings upon which the cone-knives are to be strung or mounted. Fig. 3 is a sectional view of the same. Fig. 4 is a side elevation of the plate, having an annular flange for securing the knives at the small end of the cone. Fig. 5 is a sectional view of the same. Fig. 6 is an end view of one of the cone-knives. Fig. 7 is an enlarged end view of a portion of the cone, with knives and woods attached and secured by means of the hook-ring. Fig. 8 is a detached side view of said hook-ring. Fig.

7 9 is an edge view of the same, but with part of the hooks omitted. Fig. 10 is a side elevation of the cone, with the k-nife-rin gs containing a few knives and woods partially slipped into place. For convenience the knife-slots in the cone are omitted from this view. Fig. 11 is aplan view of one of the cone'woods. Fig.

12 is an edge view of the same. Fig. 13is an end view of the same. Fig. 14 is a sectional view of the shell, showing, also, a few knives, with the rings on which they-are mounted and the interposed wooden rings between each gang of knives. Fig. 15 is an edge view of one of the knives for the shell. Fig. 16 is a side view of the same. Fig. 17 is a plan or top view of one of the woods for the shell, and Fig. 18 is an edge or side view of the same.

I make the cone A tapering from end to end, except two or more places, a a, where its periphery is parallel to its axis. These parallel places run out on the side toward the small end of the cone, and on the opposite side they form a shoulder, b, which I prefer to undercut, as shown. This cone is slotted with longitudinal slots, as shown in Fig. 1, to receive any desired number of knives, which, as in ordinary cones, may be composed of both long and short knives. I string or mount the knives on two rings, 0 d, whichI prefer to make triangular in cross-section, so as to fit under the shoulders I) when beveled, as shown in Fig. 1. In order to get-the knives on the rings, and to expand or contract the rings at pleasure, I form right and left hand screw-threads on the ends thereof, and place thereon a nut, e, correspondingly threaded at its ends. These rings are of such diameters as will allow them to he slipped over the parallel places a a on the cone. I perforate the long knives f with two perforations, g g, Fig. 1, of a form corresponding to the form of the rings 0 d in cross section, whether they are triangular, round, or of other form. The inner ends of the short knives h are also perforated in like manner. The knives may also have side projections on themto enter the woods and hold them in place, as described in my patent of July 19, 1881. The long knives are notched at the end which is at the small end of the cone, as shown in Fig. 1, while the opposite ends of all the knives are perforated, preferably with a triangular perforation, in the position shown at t, Fig. 1. The proper number of knives to fill the cone, both long and short, are strung upon the rings 0 d, and proper-sized woods placed between the respective knives.

the shoulders I) b. The endfplate, B, Figs. 4 and 5, having an annular fiange, j, is then slipped upon the cone-shaft and fastened to the small end of the cone, with its flange j resting in the notches in that end of the knives. The knives will new project so far beyond the large end of the cone as to bring the inner side of the perforations 'i about flush with the end of the cone. This end of the cone is provided with lugs 70, cast or otherwise fixed thereon. The hook-ring G is then put in place. It is provided with as many openings as there are lugs 7c on the end of the cone, and preferably it is received on a projecting central hub so as to be centered on the end of the cone. By the side of each opening there is a lug, l, affixed to or cast upon the hook-ring O, and providedwith adjusting-screws m. The ring 0 is also provided with slots, through which bolts (preferably shouldered bolts) pass to hold it in, place in such manner that it may have a limited movement. The edge of the hook-ring is provided with a series of hooks, n-as many as there are knives in the cone-the points of which hooks are of triangular or such other form as to fit the perforations at the ends of the knives. This ring is first slipped on with the hooks it between the knives, and then it is given a slight turn to bring the points of the hooks into the perforations in the knives, as shown in Fig. 7, after which the adjustingscrews m are turned in, with their ends resting against the lugs l, to hold the hooks in place and also to draw them tighter into the knives, thereby drawing the knives endwise in the cone and firmly seating the rings under the I shoulders.

If desired, other means for forcing the books into the ends of the knives may be employedas, for instance, a screw passing into the end of the cone and having a tapering body which bears upon one side of a hole in the ring, so as to turn it in the direction to force the hooks into the knives.

This construction of the knives, and the manner of holding them in place, produces knives having parallel edges and sides, which are straight and free from notches or breaks of any kind, except atthe corners, as hereinafter described.

If desired, knives with the perforations g 9 may be employed in connection with the rings 0 d and cone having parallel places a a, while the construction at the ends of the knives and cone may be like that shown in my patent of March 8, 1881, No. 238,545.

In order to make the stock more readily pass over or by the corners of the knives, I have reduced them in thickness, as at 0, Figs. 1 and 6,'so as to make them flexible and yielding, acting as a flutter to move the stock as the knives in the shell come in contact with said flexible corners, thereby clearing themselves and preventing liability to clog. These thin ends can be employed in knives with rounded or beveled corners, if desired. For the same purpose I form the knives 19 for the shell with a slight backward curve, g, at each end, as shown most clearly by the edge view, Fig. 15.

Ordinarily the woods for placing between the knives, both in the shell and cone, have been what are termed veneered woods-that is, composed of thin laminae glued together, so that when the knives are worn down one lamina Y may be split off. I so construct the woods of a single piece as to accomplish the same object and at much less expense. This feature is illustrated in Figs. 11,12, and 17. I first make the woods in the desired form of a single and solid piece. I next take a gang of small saws and make short saw-kerfs in the wood, preferably at both edges and top, but at the edges only will answer. These are so made as to leai e the wood uncut for a short distance at several places along the wood, as shown. These can be made from both edges of such depth that the kerfs formed in one edge will nearly or quite meet those formed in the opposite edge.

These woods are placed between the knives in any ordinary manner, and when it is desired to remove a portion it is only necessary to let a chisel follow along one line of saw-kerfs and cut the wood at the solid places, thereby taking off a thin lamina and leaving a smooth The saw-kerfs, which extend in from surface. the top, divide the solid portions left between the kerfs in the sides of the woods, whereby in cross-grained wood there is less liability of the chisel to run.

In veneered woods sometimes the glue is not softened when the woods are cut down,so that theydo not part readilyon the line wherethey are glued. By making the saw-kerfs" in the woods they are penetrated much more readily by the water in the engine, so that the woods swell and immediately bind in between the knives as tightly, if not more so, than do the ordinary veneered woods. I

I make one wood of such shape as to fill in between the long knives for their whole length by making a slit, 1", for part of the length of the wood to receive the intermediate short knives and where knives with side projections to enter the wood are employed I mill or otherwise form grooves 15 in the sides of said slit to receive said projections, as shown in Fig. 13.

I maketheshell D plain, and employa bushing, E, at one end, and a ring, F, at the other, substantially as in my patent of July 19, 1881, No. 244,414., except that I notch the edges of said bushing and ring to receive the ends of the knives. The knives I have already partially described. I also perforate them, like the cone-knives, with perforations a a, so that they have straight and unbroken parallel edges, as shown in Fig. 16. I also employexpansion-rings o, substantially like the rings 0 be grooved on their side edges to receive side projections on the knives. The rings 0; will vary in diameter according to the position that they are to occupy in the shell.

1 string the knives and woods on rings running through the perforations in said knives and woods, thereby forming a complete circle of knives and woods, making one circle for the small end of the shell, one for the middle, and one for the large end, and gradually increasing the'number of knives in each circle in proportion to the increased diameter of the shell. I make the woods a little shorter than the knives, so that the latter project a little from each end. The smallest circle of knives and woods isfirst placed in the small end of the shell, with the ends of the knives resting in the slots or notches at the end of the bushing E, as shown by the few knives which are represented on the rings in Fig. 14. The rings are then expanded by turning the nut 6 until the circle of knives fills the shell.

There will be no wood placed between the two knives at the respective sides of the nuts e until after the rings are adjusted within the shell. Then a wood which will fill the space between said knives, but of less thickness than the other woods, isinserted and snugly driven into place. This wood will be somewhat wider than the other woods, and whenever, for repairs or other purpose, it is desired to remove the knives, this wood will first be removed to furnish access to the nuts 6. After one circle of knives has been thus inserted a wooden ring, G, having notches in its edges to receive the ends of the knives, is inserted, the notches in one edge corresponding in number to the number of knives in the smallest circle, and those in the other edge to the number of knives in the next larger circle. The next circle of knives is inserted, as before described, then another wooden ring, G, and then the other circle of knives, after which comes the ring F.

Only a few knives and woods are represented in Fig. 14, in order to more clearly show the other parts, and the bushing and rings show only part of the notches which are to receive the ends of the knives.

The rings of wood give some elasticity to the filling of the shell under pressure upon the end ring, F, and in swelling will insure a snug fit. They also make abreak in the continuity of the knives, for the stock to pass through, and thereby facilitate mixing it. They also make a neat division between the knives, and readily accommodate the difi'erent numbers of knives in the different circles, and, in connection with the notches in the bushing E and ring F, prevent the circular gangs of knives from rotating within the shell. If desired, however, these rings G may be omitted, and the knives and woods in each circle placed with their ends abuttingdirectly against each other. Agitator-plates may also be used at the ends of the knives, either in the shell or cone, or both.

If desired, check-nuts may be employed at the ends of the nuts 6, to prevent accidental displacement of the nuts after the rings are adjusted.

If it is desired to prevent a longitudinal displacement of the woods between the coneknives, a side projection, which extends transversely to the length of the knives, may be formed thereon, and a corresponding notch made in the side of the woods to receive said projection.

I claim as my invention- 1. In a paper-pulp engine, the combination of theknives having perforations through them and unbroken parallel edges opposite the perforations, and fastening devices which extend through said perforations, substantially as described, and for the purpose specified.

2. The combination of the knives having perforations and adjustable rings extending through said perforations, substantially as described, and for the purpose specified.

3. The combination of the cone-knives havin g perforations, the rings passing through the same, and the cone having the parallel places and undercut shoulders, substantially as described, and for the purpose specified. 4. The combination of the cone-knives having perforations, the rings for passing through the same, the cone having the undercut shoulders,the hook-ring, andmechanism for adjusting and securing said ring with its hooks in the ends of the knives, substantially as described, and for the purpose specified.

5. The combination of the cone-knives havin g end perforations, the cone supporting said knives, the hook-ring havinghooks which take into said perforations, and adjusting-screws for forcing the hooks into place, substantially as described, and for the purpose specified.

6. In a paper-pulp engine, the knives having flexible ends or corners, while the remainder of their edge is substantially rigid, as and for the purpose described.

7. In a paper-pulp engine, the wood fillings made of solid pieces dividedinto differentlaminm by saw-kert's, substantially as described, and for the purpose specified.

8. In a paper-pulp engine, the knives having a short backward curve at their ends, substantially as described, and for the purpose specified.

9. The combination of the shell, perforated knives and woods, and expansion-rings pass ing through said knives and woods, substantially as described, and for the purpose specified.

10. The combination of the shell, perforated knives, expansion-rings, and bushing or ring secured to the shell, having notches to receive the ends of the knives, substantially as de scribed, and for the purpose specified.

11. The combination of the shell, the several circles of knives, and the interposed wooden rings G, substantially as described, and for the purpose specified.

Witnesses: JOHN R. ABBE.

MYRON P. SQUIRES, CHESTER TILDEN. 

